Two-step implantation of gold into graphene

Abstract As a one-atom thick, mechanically strong, and chemically stable material with unique electronic properties, graphene can serve as the basis for large number of applications. One way to tailor its properties is controlled introduction covalently bound heteroatoms into lattice. In this study, we demonstrate efficient implantation individual gold atoms up concentration 1.7 × 10 11 cm −2 via two-step low-energy ion technique that overcomes limitation posed by momentum conservation on mass implanted species. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging energy-loss spectroscopy reveal occupying double vacancy sites in The sustain intense irradiation at 60 kV during experiments. At best, only limited indication plasmonic enhancement observed. method demonstrated here be used introduce graphene, should also work other heavier elements similar structure.